Alfred korzybski

Thus, we see that one of the obvious origins of human disagreement lies in the use of noises for words.

It is now no mystery that some quite influential 'philosophers' were 'mentally' ill.

Different ‘philosophies’ represent nothing but methods of evaluation, which may lead to empirical mis-evaluation if science and empirical facts are disregarded.

To regard human beings as tools - as instruments - for the use of other human beings is not only unscientific but it is repugnant, stupid and short sighted. Tools are made by man but have not the autonomy of their maker - they have not man's time-binding capacity for initiation, for self-direction, and self-improvement.

I am the same kind of moron as the rest of you, it's the method that does the work, for me as well as for you.

Second order effects, such as belief in belief, makes fanaticism.

The present non-aristotelian system is based on fundamental negative premises; namely, the complete denial of 'identity.'

What we call progress consists in coordinating ideas with realities.

It seems evident that everything which exists in nature, is natural, no matter how simple or complicated a phenomenon it is; and on no occasion can the so-called 'supernatural' be anything else than a completely natural law, though it may, at the moment, be above and beyond the present understanding.

There are two ways to slice easily thorugh life; to believe everything or to doubt everything. Both ways save us from thinking.

Whatever you say about something, it is not.

Whatever you might say the object "is", well it is not.

Two important characteristics of maps should be noticed. A map is not the territory it represents, but, if correct, it has a similar structure to the territory, which accounts for its usefulness.

As words are not the things we speak about, and structure is the only link between them, structure becomes the only content of knowledge. If we gamble on verbal structures that have no observable empirical structures, such gambling can never give us any structural information about the world. Therefore such verbal structures are structurally obsolete, and if we believe in them, they induce delusions or other semantic disturbances.

Riches I need not, nor man's empty praise.

The map is not the territory.

Every language having a structure, by the very nature of language, reflects in its own structure that of the world as assumed by those who evolved the language. In other words, we read unconsciously into the world the structure of the language we use.

Psycho-galvonic experiments show clearly that every emotion or thought is always connected with some electrical current.

Mathematics and logic have been proved to be one; a fact from which it seems to follow that mathematics may successfully deal with non-quantitative problems in a much broader sense than was suspected to be possible.

The map is not the territory, the word is not the thing it describes. Whenever the map is confused with the territory, a 'semantic disturbance' is set up in the organism. The disturbance continues until the limitation of the map is recognized.

I want to make clear only that words are not the things spoken about, and that there is no such thing as an object in absolute isolation.

If words are not things, or maps are not the actual territory, then, obviously, the only possible link between the objective world and the linguistic world is found in structure, and structure alone.

Whatever you may say something is, it is not!

It is amusing to discover, in the twentieth century, that the quarrels between two lovers, two mathematicians, two nations, two economic systems, usually assumed insoluble in a finite period should exhibit one mechanism, the semantic mechanism of identification - the discovery of which makes universal agreement possible, in mathematics and in life.

The objective level is not words, and cannot be reached by words alone. We must point our finger and be silent, or we will never reach this level.

To use words to sense reality is like going with a lamp to search for darkness.

Identity is invariably false to facts.

A person does what he does because he sees the world as he sees it.

One would have to say "in the end everything is a gag, etc" because everything is infinitely more than just a gag. The same applies to other "is"-statements such as "Laughter is an instant vacation"

We see what we see because we miss all the finer details.

If all people learned to think in the non Aristotelian manner of quantum mechanics, the world would change so radically that most of what we call "stupidity" and even a great deal of what we consider "insanity" might disappear, and the "intractable" problems of war, poverty and injustice would suddenly seem a great deal closer to solution.

He who learns and learns and yet does not know what he knows, is one who plows and plows yet never sows.

Let us repeat the two crucial negative premises as established firmly by all human experience: (1) Words are not the things we are speaking about; and (2) There is no such thing as an object in absolute isolation.

These 'philosophers', etc., seem unaware, to give a specific example, that by teaching and preaching 'identity', which is empirically non-existent in this actual world, they are neurologically training future generations in the pathological identifications found in the 'mentally' ill or maladjusted.

Any object of thought is both 'more than what we think, and different'.

Whatever you say it is, is simply what YOU SAY it is.

If we, who live outside asylums, act as if we lived in a fictitious world- that is to say, if we are consistent with our beliefs- we cannot adjust ourselves to actual conditions, and so fall into many avoidable semantic difficulties. But the so-called normal person practically never abides by his beliefs, and when his beliefs are building for him a fictitious world, he saves his neck by not abiding by them. A so-called "insane" person acts upon his beliefs, and so cannot adjust himself to a world which is quite different from his fancy.

Identification makes general sanity and complete adjustment impossible. Training in non-identity plays a therapeutic role with adults.

God may forgive your sins, but your nervous system won't.

The map is not the territory... The only usefulness of a map depends on similarity of structure between the empirical world and the map.

Who rules our symbols, rules us.

I think therefore I seem to be.

If a psychiatric and scientific inquiry were to be made upon our rulers, mankind would be appalled at the disclosures.

Man's achievements rest upon the use of symbols.... we must consider ourselves as a symbolic, semantic class of life, and those who rule the symbols, rule us.

Words don't mean, people mean.

It is a fallacy of the old schools to divide man into parcels, elements, thoughts, emotions, intuitions, etc. All human faculties consist of an interconnected whole.

Author details

Alfred Korzybski: Biography and Life Work

Alfred Korzybski was a notable Polish-American philosopher and independent scholar. The story of Alfred Korzybski began on July 3, 1879 in Warsaw, Vistula Country. The legacy of Alfred Korzybski continues today, following their passing on March 1, 1950 in Lakeville, Connecticut, U.S..

Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski was a Polish-American philosopher and independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics , which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, the field of semantics . He argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and the languages humans have developed, and thus no one can have direct access to reality , given that the most we can know is that which is filtered through the brain's responses to reality. His best known dictum is " The map is not the territory ". Many of his ideas were presented in his book Science and Sanity (1933).

Legacy and Personal Influence

Personally, Alfred Korzybski was married to Mira Edgerly. Historically, their work is best remembered for Science and Sanity.

Philosophical Views and Reflections

Many devotees and critics of Korzybski reduced his rather complex system to a simple matter of what he said about the verb form "is" of the general verb "to be." His system, however, is based primarily on such terminology as the different "orders of abstraction," and formulations such as "consciousness of abstracting." The contention that Korzybski opposed the use of the verb "to be" would be a profound exaggeration.

The third edition of Science and Sanity states that in World War II the United States Army used Korzybski's system to treat battle fatigue in Europe, under the supervision of Dr. Douglas M. Kelley , who went on to become the psychiatrist in charge of the Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg .

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